History of the Corkscrew

A corkscrew is a tool that was invented to draw corks from wine, beer, and other bottles before the invention of screw caps.

The form of the corkscrew is simple, consisting of a pointed metallic helix attached to a handle. Corks are typically small and smooth, and as such are difficult to remove from inflexible- and breakable- bottles. To retrieve a cork from a bottle using a corkscrew, the user would simply screw the helix into it until it was firmly embedded, then pull to extract.

References to corkscrews have been noted as early as the 1680s, although they were then dubbed ‘steel worms’. These instruments were variations on the ‘gun worm’, a tool that soldiers used to clean their musket barrels.

Types of Corkscrew

The first patented corkscrew was established in 1795 in a collaboration between Reverend Samuel Henshall and Birmingham manufacturer Matthew Boulton. Their key improvement on the traditional corkscrew design was the addition of a concave disk between the handle and the ‘worm’. The purpose of this button was to compress and turn the cork once the helix was fully inserted, thus breaking the seal between the glass neck of the bottle and the cork. This design was so effective that it was widely used for over 100 years.

‘Waiter’s Friend’ Corkscrew

A waiter’s friend, sommelier knife, or wine key corkscrew was conceived in 1882 by Karl Wienke. This slim, foldable, corkscrew is in a folding body similar to that of a pocket knife. It utilises a screw and a single lever, due to an arm that uses the body of the bottle for leverage to ease the upwards pull of the cork. Whilst this style was patented in Germany, America and England, the Dutch are renowned for their quality silver pocket corkscrews.

Winged Corkscrew

This style was invented by Domenick Rosati in 1930, and afterwards utilised by multiple brands to accommodate the growth in popularity of the wine market. The winged corkscrew has multiple aliases:

• Cork-extractor

• Owl corkscrew

• Butterfly corkscrew

• Angel corkscrew

This form has two levers which rise as the worm is embedded into the cork. Pushing down the levers allows the cork to be retrieved from the bottle in one smooth motion. This form is especially effective when crafted out of heavier, thicker metals such as silver.

Lever corkscrew

The lever (or ‘rabbit’) corkscrew is operated using a pair of handles which grip the neck of the bottle. A lever is pressed down to twist the screw into the cork and then lifted to extract it. Whilst this style of corkscrew is often rather expensive, it is far more efficient than other styles.

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